Reducing Herpes Transmission and Flare-Ups: Practical Guidance

Herpes is a viral infection of the skin and mucous membranes that causes small, clear blisters, which then break open into sores and crust over. It usually heals on its own but tends to recur, coming and going chronically. People with weakened immune systems often have more frequent and more severe flare-ups. This article explains how to prevent herpes, so you can understand the condition and protect yourself effectively.

What is herpes?

Herpes is a contagious infection of the skin and mucous membranes caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which can be divided into two types:

• HSV-1 usually causes oral herpes, on or around the lips.
• HSV-2 usually causes genital herpes.

Symptoms of herpes

The first episode, known as the primary infection, begins with a burning sensation and may include itching, sharp stinging, or a burning, painful feeling. Swelling follows, and after 2 to 3 days small, clear fluid-filled blisters that look like tiny water droplets appear, ringed with red. The blisters usually rupture within 24 hours and crust over into shallow, superficial sores.

Recurring infections happen after the first episode. New outbreaks appear periodically because the body does not completely clear the virus. Each recurrence is usually milder, affects a smaller area, and rarely causes a fever, but it tends to appear near the original site, especially on the genitals. People who have had herpes often feel a "warning sign" beforehand.

Concerned about an exposure or symptoms? Get an STI test * Prices and free services vary by provider. Please check the details before booking. Find a testing service → 02

Risk factors that may trigger a herpes recurrence

• Stress. Stress has been found to trigger herpes recurrences.
• Inadequate rest. Not getting enough rest can weaken the body's immune system, which may lead to a herpes recurrence.
• Illness. Illnesses such as the flu or other infections can weaken the body's immune system, which may lead to a herpes recurrence.
• Hormonal changes. Changes in hormone levels, such as during menstruation or pregnancy, may cause herpes to recur.
• Sun exposure. Prolonged exposure to sunlight may cause herpes to recur.
• Certain medications. The use of certain medications, such as steroids, may cause herpes to recur.

Preventing herpes recurrences

• Get enough rest, at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep per night.
• Eat nutritious food from all five food groups.
• Exercise regularly.
• Keep yourself in good health.
• Avoid the risk factors that may trigger a herpes recurrence.

Approaches and methods for preventing herpes

There are several ways to prevent herpes, as follows:

• Use a condom every time you have sex.
• Avoid contact with the sores, saliva, or other secretions of a person who has the infection.
• Refrain from sex until the sores have healed completely.
• Avoid sharing personal items such as handkerchiefs, towels, and drinking glasses.
• Wash your hands thoroughly every time.
• If you have had herpes before, avoid triggers that could lead to another outbreak.

Access private STI testing * Prices and free services vary by provider. Please check the details before booking. View nearby services → 03

Treatment for herpes

Herpes cannot be cured completely, but treatment can improve symptoms and relieve itching and irritation. Herpes is often treated with antiviral medications, such as:

• Acyclovir
• Valacyclovir

How long herpes treatment takes

The length of antiviral treatment for herpes depends on the type of herpes, the severity of the symptoms, and the age of the patient.

• Oral herpes is usually treated with oral or topical antiviral medication, typically for about 5 days.
• Genital herpes is usually treated with oral antiviral medication, typically for about 10 to 14 days.

If you find that you may be at risk of herpes, for example if you have a history of contact with someone who has herpes or you have itching or irritation around the mouth or genitals, you should see a doctor promptly for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Verified references

Links and relevance to the article’s main topic were reviewed on 13 August 2026. Each source supports only the scope stated in the original document and does not replace personalised medical, legal, or service advice.

1. CDC: About Genital Herpes Accessed 13 August 2026
2. CDC: STI Treatment Guidelines Accessed 13 August 2026